A wide area network (WAN) connects networks that are typically separated by:

A wide area network (WAN) is designed to connect networks that are spread out over large geographical distances. This includes connecting local area networks (LANs) that may be in different cities, states, or even countries. The primary purpose of a WAN is to enable communication and data exchange between these remote networks, facilitating operations across vast areas that can't be effectively managed by smaller network types like LANs.

The concept of geographical distance is fundamental to the function of WANs because they utilize various technologies such as leased lines, satellite links, and fiber-optic cables to bridge the distances between disparate locations. This enables organizations to maintain connectivity across locations and manage resources and operations from a centralized or shared framework.

In contrast, while firewalls can be involved in a WAN's operation by enforcing security protocols, they do not define the network's scope concerning distance. Similarly, different languages and network topologies may play roles in the configuration and management of networks, but they do not inherently relate to the physical separation that defines a WAN's purpose.